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Date: 5 December 1956 / 7 December 1956
Heats
Final
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time |
| 1 | Lorraine Crapp | AUS | 4:54.6 |
| 2 | Dawn Fraser | AUS | 5:02.5 |
| 3 | Sylvia Ruuska | USA | 5:07.1 |
| 4 | Marley Shriver | USA | 5:12.9 |
| 5 | Rypsyma Szekely | HUN | 5:14.2 |
| 6 | Sandra Morgan | AUS | 5:14.3 |
| 7 | Heda Frost | FRA | 5:15.4 |
| 8 | Valeria Gyenge | HUN | 5:21.0 |
| Heats | |||
| 9 | Susan Douglas Gray | USA | 5:16.7 |
| 10 | Susan Roberts | RSA | 5:16.8 |
| 10 | Natalie Myburgh | RSA | 5:16.8 |
| 12 | Anna Larsson | SWE | 5:18.3 |
| 13 | Marrion Douglas Roe | NZL | 5:18.5 |
| 14 | Ingrid Kunzel | GER | 5:20.8 |
| 15 | Elizabeth Whittall | CAN | 5:21.7 |
| 16 | Margaret Girvan | GBR | 5:23.6 |
| 17 | Colette Thomas | FRA | 5:23.9 |
| 18 | Gilda Aranda Rojas | MEX | 5:24.2 |
| 19 | Birgitta Wangberg | SWE | 5:27.0 |
| 20 | Eiko Wada | JPN | 5:27.2 |
| 21 | Gladys Priestley | CAN | 5:27.5 |
| 22 | Yukiko Otaka | JPN | 5:28.7 |
| 23 | Anita Hellstrom | SWE | 5:29.2 |
| 24 | Viviane Gouverneur | FRA | 5:29.7 |
| 25 | Winifred Griffin | NZL | 5:31.0 |
| 26 | Gertrudes Lozada | PHI | 5:34.2 |